Garber and Salama presented three classifications for excessive gingival display and their proposed treatments. Degree I had 2 to 4 mm of gingival display, and treatment would be orthodontic intrusion alone, orthodontics and crown lengthening or crown lengthening followed by restorations. Degree II had 4 to 8 mm of gingival display, and treatment would be crown lengthening and restorations or orthognathic surgery depending on the crown/root ratio. Degree III had >8 mm of gingival display, and treatment would be orthognathic
surgery with or without crown lengthening and restorative treatment.
Coslet et al. For Type I cases with adequate KG (>2 mm), if CEJ–bone is >2 mm (subgroup A), a gingivectomy/gingivoplasty procedure can be done.
If CEJ–bone is <2 mm or CEJ is at the same level as the alveolar bone crest (subgroup B), then a flap with osseous surgery is done. In Type II cases with inadequate KG (<2
mm), an apically positioned flap (APF) is indicated for subgroup A. For subgroup B, an APF with osseous surgery is done
Marianne Ong, Shih-Chang Tseng, and Hom-Lay Wang Surgical Crown Lengthening, Clinical Advances in Periodontics, Vol. 1, No. 3, November 2011Crown Lengthening
Rationale for Crown Lengthening
Crown Lengthening Indication
Clinical Relevance
Clinical Decision Making
Esthetic Crown Lengthening
Clinical Decision Making for Crown Lengthening in esthetic zone
Clinical Relevance for Crown Lengthening in esthetic zone
Rationale Crown Lengthening in esthetic zone
Treatment options for Crown Lengthening esthetic zone
Surgical Procedures for Crown Lengthening esthetic zone
Esthetic Crown Lengthening
Biologic Width and Crown Lengthening
Keratinized gingiva and Crown Lengthening
Treatment Procedures and Crown Lengthening
Surgical Decision Making and Crown Legthening related with biologic width, keratinized gingival
Gingivectomy Crown Lengthening esthetic zone
Gingivoplasty Crown Lengthening esthetic zone
Periodontal flaps Crown Lengthening esthetic zone
Partial flap rise Crown Lengthening esthetic zone
Full flap rise Crown Lengthening esthetic zone
Orthodontics Crown Lengthening esthetic zone
Orthognatic Crown Lengthening esthetic zone
Apical positioned flap Crown Lengthening esthetic zone
Apical positioned flap and resection osseous Crown Lengthening esthetic zone
Flap and osseous resection Crown Lengthening esthetic zone
Osseous crest Crown Lengthening esthetic zone
Alveolar crest Crown Lengthening esthetic zone
